354 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
354 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# 🌍 Nginx-Mycelium: Global Web Hosting with Load Balancing
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A **simple and practical** example of hosting a static website globally using Mycelium Cloud Kubernetes. Unlike complex applications, this demonstrates the core concept: **deploy once, access worldwide**.
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## 🎯 What's This About?
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This example shows how to:
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- ✅ **Host a website globally** via Mycelium IPv6 addresses
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- ✅ **Use LoadBalancer services** for traffic distribution
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- ✅ **Scale across multiple nodes** for better performance
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- ✅ **Demonstrate real web hosting** on Mycelium infrastructure
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## 📁 What This Contains
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```
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nginx-mycelium/
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├── nginx-mycelium.md # This guide
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├── nginx-mycelium-deployment.yaml # Host network + scaled deployment
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├── nginx-mycelium-service.yaml # LoadBalancer + IPv6 external IPs
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└── index.html # Very basic HTML content
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```
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## 🚀 Quick Start - Global Website (2 minutes)
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```bash
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# 1. Create the nginx deployment with load balancing
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kubectl apply -f nginx-mycelium-deployment.yaml
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# 2. Create the LoadBalancer service with IPv6 access
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kubectl apply -f nginx-mycelium-service.yaml
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# 3. Wait for pods to be ready
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kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -l app=nginx-mycelium --timeout=60s
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# 4. Test global access from ANY Mycelium IPv6 address!
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curl http://[51d:3596:6cc3:81e7:ff0f:d546:3737:4c8c]:80
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curl http://[476:c4f:b4cb:7205:ff0f:f56e:abea:6905]:80
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curl http://[552:5984:2d97:72dc:ff0f:39ef:6ec:a48c]:80
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```
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## 🌍 Global Access URLs
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Once deployed, your website is **globally accessible** at all 6 Mycelium IPv6 addresses:
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```
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🌐 Master Nodes:
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http://[51d:3596:6cc3:81e7:ff0f:d546:3737:4c8c]:80
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http://[476:c4f:b4cb:7205:ff0f:f56e:abea:6905]:80
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http://[538:964a:a1e1:4057:ff0f:63c7:960b:7c27]:80
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🌐 Worker Nodes:
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http://[552:5984:2d97:72dc:ff0f:39ef:6ec:a48c]:80
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http://[437:9faf:1f1a:e2b1:ff0f:1fd9:7fd5:1095]:80
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http://[5c3:a162:45ab:6c53:ff0f:8c55:36b0:24af]:80
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```
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**Any Mycelium user can access your website from anywhere in the world!**
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## 🏗️ Architecture
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### Load Balancing Design
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```
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🌍 Internet (Mycelium Clients)
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↓
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🌐 Mycelium IPv6 Network
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↓
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🔄 LoadBalancer Service (nginx-mycelium-service)
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↓
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🖥️ 3 Nginx Pods (deployed across different nodes)
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↓
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📊 Static Content (index.html)
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```
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### Key Features
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#### **Host Network Mode**
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```yaml
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spec:
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hostNetwork: true # Direct access to host's Mycelium IPv6 interface
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```
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#### **LoadBalancer with IPv6 External IPs**
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```yaml
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spec:
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type: LoadBalancer
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externalIPs:
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- "51d:3596:6cc3:81e7:ff0f:d546:3737:4c8c" # All 6 cluster IPv6 addresses
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# ... complete list of IPv6 addresses
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ports:
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- port: 80
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targetPort: 80
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```
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#### **Multi-Node Scaling**
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```yaml
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spec:
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replicas: 3 # Distribute across different cluster nodes
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nodeSelector: {} # Allow any node for load balancing
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```
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## 📊 Load Balancing Benefits
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### **Traffic Distribution**
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- **Across Nodes**: 3 pods spread across different cluster nodes
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- **Health Monitoring**: Kubernetes automatically routes around failed pods
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- **No Single Point of Failure**: Multiple nginx instances serve traffic
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### **Performance Advantages**
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- **Reduced Latency**: Traffic routes to nearest healthy pod
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- **Higher Throughput**: Multiple nginx instances handle more concurrent requests
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- **Fault Tolerance**: Automatic failover if a pod or node fails
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### **Scalability**
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```bash
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# Scale up if you need more capacity
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kubectl scale deployment nginx-mycelium --replicas=5
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# Scale down to save resources
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kubectl scale deployment nginx-mycelium --replicas=1
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```
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## 🔧 Testing & Verification
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### **Basic Connectivity Test**
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```bash
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# Test from your machine (requires Mycelium client)
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curl -6 http://[51d:3596:6cc3:81e7:ff0f:d546:3737:4c8c]:80
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# Test with IPv6 resolution
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curl -6 http://[51d:3596:6cc3:81e7:ff0f:d546:3737:4c8c]:80 --resolve 51d:3596:6cc3:81e7:ff0f:d546:3737:4c8c:80:[51d:3596:6cc3:81e7:ff0f:d546:3737:4c8c]
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```
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### **Load Balancing Test**
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```bash
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# Check which pods are running where
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kubectl get pods -l app=nginx-mycelium -o wide
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# Test multiple requests to see load distribution
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for i in {1..10}; do curl -s http://[51d:3596:6cc3:81e7:ff0f:d546:3737:4c8c]:80 | grep -o "Node: [^<]*"; done
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```
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### **Health Monitoring**
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```bash
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# Check service endpoints
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kubectl get endpoints nginx-mycelium-service
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# Monitor pod status
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kubectl get pods -l app=nginx-mycelium -w
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# Check nginx logs
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kubectl logs -l app=nginx-mycelium --tail=10
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```
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## 🌍 Global Use Cases
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### **Perfect For:**
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- ✅ **Static Website Hosting**: Company sites, portfolios, blogs
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- ✅ **Application Frontends**: Web UIs for your applications
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- ✅ **Documentation Sites**: API docs, user guides
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- ✅ **Proof of Concepts**: Demonstrate global infrastructure
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- ✅ **Multi-Region Access**: Users worldwide access the same site
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### **Technical Benefits:**
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- ✅ **Global CDN**: No centralized server, distributed across nodes
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- ✅ **Low Latency**: Users connect to nearest healthy pod
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- ✅ **No Bandwidth Limits**: Uses Mycelium's peer-to-peer network
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- ✅ **Automatic Scaling**: Kubernetes handles pod creation/deletion
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## 📋 Monitoring & Management
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### **Real-Time Status**
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```bash
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# Check deployment status
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kubectl get deployment nginx-mycelium
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# View service configuration
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kubectl get svc nginx-mycelium-service -o yaml
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# Check external IPs are configured
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kubectl get svc nginx-mycelium-service
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```
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### **Performance Monitoring**
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```bash
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# Check resource usage
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kubectl top pods -l app=nginx-mycelium
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# Monitor nginx access logs
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kubectl logs -l app=nginx-mycelium -f
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# Check pod distribution
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kubectl get pods -l app=nginx-mycelium -o custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,NODE:.spec.nodeName,IP:.status.podIP
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```
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### **Scaling Operations**
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```bash
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# Current replica count
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kubectl get deployment nginx-mycelium
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# Scale up for more capacity
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kubectl scale deployment nginx-mycelium --replicas=5
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# Check load distribution after scaling
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kubectl get pods -l app=nginx-mycelium -o wide
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```
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## 🔍 Troubleshooting
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### **Common Issues**
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#### **Pod Won't Start**
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```bash
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# Check pod status and events
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kubectl describe pod -l app=nginx-mycelium
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# Check node resource availability
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kubectl get nodes
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# Look for scheduling issues
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kubectl get events --sort-by='.lastTimestamp'
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```
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#### **IPv6 Access Not Working**
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```bash
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# Test IPv6 connectivity
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ping 51d:3596:6cc3:81e7:ff0f:d546:3737:4c8c
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# Check if pods are running
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kubectl get pods -l app=nginx-mycelium
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# Verify service configuration
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kubectl get svc nginx-mycelium-service -o wide
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```
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#### **Load Balancing Issues**
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```bash
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# Check all pods are ready
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kubectl get pods -l app=nginx-mycelium
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# Verify endpoints are healthy
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kubectl get endpoints nginx-mycelium-service
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# Check pod logs for errors
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kubectl logs -l app=nginx-mycelium
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```
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## 🎯 Best Practices
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### **Deployment Strategy**
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1. **Start Small**: Deploy 1 replica initially
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2. **Test Connectivity**: Verify IPv6 access works
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3. **Scale Gradually**: Increase replicas based on traffic
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4. **Monitor Performance**: Watch resource usage and response times
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### **Content Management**
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- **Static Files**: Update `index.html` for content changes
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- **Volume Mounts**: Use ConfigMaps for dynamic content
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- **Health Checks**: Implement proper liveness/readiness probes
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### **Security Considerations**
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- **No Authentication**: Open access for demonstration purposes
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- **Rate Limiting**: Consider adding nginx rate limiting for production
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- **HTTPS**: Use TF Gateway CRDs for SSL certificates
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## 🚀 Advanced Features
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### **Custom Content**
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Replace the `index.html` with your own content:
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```bash
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# Update content
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kubectl create configmap nginx-content --from-file=index.html=custom.html
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# Rollout update
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kubectl rollout restart deployment/nginx-mycelium
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```
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### **Additional Services**
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Add more services following the same pattern:
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```bash
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# Apply additional nginx services
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kubectl apply -f additional-services.yaml
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# Each service gets its own LoadBalancer with IPv6
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```
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### **TF Gateway Integration**
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For custom domains and HTTPS:
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```yaml
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# Use TF Gateway CRD for public domain
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apiVersion: ingress.grid.tf/v1
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kind: TFGW
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metadata:
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name: my-website
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spec:
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hostname: "my-website"
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backends:
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- "http://[51d:3596:6cc3:81e7:ff0f:d546:3737:4c8c]:80"
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```
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## 📊 Performance Characteristics
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### **Expected Latency**
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- **Local Access**: < 50ms (same node)
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- **Regional Access**: 100-300ms (same country/region)
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- **Global Access**: 200-500ms (worldwide)
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### **Capacity Planning**
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- **Single Pod**: ~1,000 concurrent connections
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- **3 Pods**: ~3,000 concurrent connections
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- **5 Pods**: ~5,000 concurrent connections
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### **Resource Usage**
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- **Memory**: ~50MB per nginx pod
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- **CPU**: ~100m CPU per pod
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- **Storage**: Minimal (static files)
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## 🌟 Success Metrics
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### **Technical Success Indicators**
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- ✅ All 3 pods running on different nodes
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- ✅ LoadBalancer service shows 6 IPv6 external IPs
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- ✅ IPv6 connectivity successful from outside cluster
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- ✅ Traffic distributes across all healthy pods
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### **User Experience Success**
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- ✅ Website loads from any Mycelium IPv6 address
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- ✅ Consistent content regardless of access point
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- ✅ No authentication required (as intended)
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- ✅ Global accessibility confirmed
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## 📝 Notes
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### **Infrastructure Dependencies**
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- **Mycelium Network**: Requires Mycelium client for IPv6 access
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- **Kubernetes Cluster**: 3+ nodes recommended for load balancing
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- **External Connectivity**: Mycelium must be reachable from internet
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### **Limitations**
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- **Port 80 Only**: HTTP only (no HTTPS without TF Gateway)
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- **Static Content**: Designed for static websites
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- **Public Access**: No authentication/authorization
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## 🎉 Conclusion
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This nginx-mycelium example demonstrates that **Mycelium Cloud can host real, globally accessible websites** with load balancing and high availability.
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**Key Takeaways:**
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1. **Simple Deployment**: Much cleaner than complex applications
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2. **Global Reach**: Any Mycelium user can access your site
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3. **Load Balancing**: Traffic distributes across multiple pods
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4. **Real Infrastructure**: This is production-grade web hosting
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**Perfect for:** Demonstrating the power of Mycelium's global IPv6 internet infrastructure with actual web hosting capabilities! |