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## Introduction
There are currently more than 280 million users interacting on decentralized platforms based on the 3 protocols present.
There are currently more than 280,000,000 users interacting on decentralized platforms based on the 3 protocols present.
## ActivityPub: +150,000,000
- **Overview**: ActivityPub is a decentralized social networking protocol that powers a wide range of social media platforms and applications, the most notable being Mastodon. It enables users across different platforms to interact with each other.
- **User Count**: Mastodon, the largest platform using ActivityPub, +14.4 million, spurred by a significant influx of new users around that time. The total number of ActivityPub users across all platforms is way higher when including other services like Pleroma, PeerTube, and Pixelfed, Threats (meta)
## Matrix: +115,000,000
## Matrix: +115,000,000 users
![alt text](matrix.png)
- **Overview**: Matrix is an open network for secure, decentralized communication, supporting instant messaging, VoIP, and video calling features. It's used by a variety of clients and services, both for personal messaging and organizational communication.
- **User Count**: As of early 2023, Matrix had over 60 million addressable users. This number represents the total users that can be reached within the Matrix network, though active user numbers may be lower. The growth of Matrix has been consistent, driven by both community adoption and organizational use, including several governmental bodies. Today its more than 115,000,000 users.
## NOSTR
## ActivityPub: +150,000,000 users
- **Overview**: NOSTR (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays) is a relatively new and simple decentralized protocol for open and censorship-resistant social networks. Being in its early stages, it has attracted attention for its simplicity and potential for privacy-focused social networking.
- **User Count**: +-400k but hard to know exact. Adoption is currently much lower than for ActivityPub or Matrix, but interest in the protocol is growing within certain communities focused on privacy and decentralization.
- **Overview**: ActivityPub is a decentralized social networking protocol that powers a wide range of social media platforms and applications, the most notable being Mastodon. It enables users across different platforms to interact with each other.
- **User Count**: Mastodon, the largest platform using ActivityPub, +14.4 million, spurred by a significant influx of new users around that time. The total number of ActivityPub users across all platforms is way higher when including other services like Pleroma, PeerTube, and Pixelfed, Threats (meta).
## Nostr +25,000,000
- **Overview**: Nostr (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays) is a relatively new and simple decentralized protocol for open and censorship-resistant social networks. Being in its early stages, it has attracted attention for its simplicity and potential for privacy-focused social networking.
- **User Count**: Hard to know exactly, but the [Nostr stats website indicates](https://stats.nostr.band/) that there are currently 25 million users as of May 2024. Adoption is currently much lower than for ActivityPub or Matrix, but interest in the protocol is growing within certain communities focused on privacy and decentralization.
## Remarks
- **Growth and Adoption**: While ActivityPub has seen widespread adoption due to platforms like Mastodon, Matrix is also significantly growing, particularly among tech-savvy users and organizations needing secure communication. NOSTR, being newer, has a smaller user base but is of interest to those deeply invested in decentralization and privacy.
- **Growth and Adoption**: While ActivityPub has seen widespread adoption due to platforms like Mastodon, Matrix is also significantly growing, particularly among tech-savvy users and organizations needing secure communication. Nostr, being newer, has a smaller user base, but is of interest to those deeply invested in decentralization and privacy.
- **Measurement Challenges**: Measuring the exact number of users on decentralized networks is inherently challenging. Many instances or servers do not publicly report their user numbers, and users can have multiple accounts across different servers.
## conclusion
## Conclusion
While ActivityPub currently leads in terms of user adoption mainly because of Mastodon's popularity, Matrix is also a significant player in the decentralized communication space with a strong user base. NOSTR is an emerging protocol with potential for growth as it gains more recognition and development support.
While ActivityPub currently leads in terms of user adoption mainly because of Mastodon's popularity, Matrix is also a significant player in the decentralized communication space with a strong user base. Nostr is an emerging protocol with potential for growth as it gains more recognition and development support.

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ActivityPub is the most well established protocol for a decentralized social networking:
Some of its limitations
## Important Limitations
ActivityPub has many benefits, but it has also some limitations:
- **User Experience**
- The user experience on ActivityPub platforms can vary significantly and may not always match the polish and consistency of centralized social networks, potentially hindering wider adoption.
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- **Security**
- Ensuring security across decentralized instances is complex. Each instance is responsible for its own security, leading to potential vulnerabilities if not managed correctly.
less important
## Lesser Limitations
- **Fragmentation and Interoperability**
- There can be fragmentation within the ActivityPub ecosystem, with different instances implementing the protocol in slightly different ways. This can lead to interoperability issues and a fragmented user experience.

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# Matrix
Matrix is a rapidly growing chat protocol known for its open-source nature, decentralization, interoperability, and strong emphasis on security and privacy. These features combine to make Matrix not just a robust choice for messaging and VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) services but arguably one of the best in the field for certain applications.
Matrix is a rapidly growing chat protocol known for its open-source nature, decentralization, interoperability, and strong emphasis on security and privacy. These features combine to make Matrix not just a robust choice for messaging and VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) services, but arguably one of the best in the field for certain applications.
## Matrix Manifesto
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- The ability to converse securely and privately is a basic human right.
- Communication should be available to everyone as a free and open, unencumbered, standard and global network.
see [https://matrix.org/about/](https://matrix.org/about/)
Read more [here](https://matrix.org/about/).
## Why
## Matrix Features
### 1. **Open Standard and Open Source**
- Matrix is an open standard, meaning its specifications are publicly available for review and use. This promotes transparency and allows for independent verification of its security and functionality.
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### 7. **Future-Proof Technology**
- Matrix is designed to be future-proof, with continuous updates and improvements to its protocol and infrastructure. Its commitment to decentralization, privacy, and interoperability positions it well in the evolving digital landscape.
### Challenges
## Challenges
While Matrix offers numerous advantages, its important to acknowledge challenges such as the complexity of setting up and managing a personal server, the ongoing process to improve user experience across different clients, and ensuring consistent performance at scale.

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The Nostr protocol is a decentralized and open protocol designed for social networking and communication.
## Nostr Limitations
Despite its innovative approach, it has several limitations:
### Important Limitations
- **User Experience**
- The user experience with Nostr-based applications can be less polished compared to centralized networks, which might deter mainstream adoption.
- **Scalability**
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- **Network Effect**
- Nostr's value increases with its user base. However, building a large user base is challenging, especially against established social media platforms.
less important
### Lesser Limitations
- **Security and Privacy Risks**
- While Nostr offers more privacy than traditional networks, its openness can lead to security risks. Continual evolution of the protocol is needed to address potential vulnerabilities.
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- **Interoperability and Standards**
- As Nostr is an evolving protocol, maintaining interoperability between different clients and adherence to standards is challenging, which could lead to fragmentation.
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## Our Technical Remarks
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- ...
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- **OStatus**
- An older federation protocol used by platforms like GNU social.
- Includes technologies like WebSub and Salmon for federated communication.
- Predates ActivityPub but is still in use in some networks.
- Predates ActivityPub, but is still in use in some networks.
- **Matrix**
- Designed for secure, decentralized communication (instant messaging, VoIP, video calls).
- Uses an open standard for real-time communication.
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- A protocol primarily for instant messaging and presence information.
- Extended for social networking through various extensions.
- Known for its flexibility and adoption in various messaging services.
- Rather complicated and somewhat outdated
- Rather complicated and somewhat outdated.
- **Secure Scuttlebutt (SSB)**
- A decentralized communication platform for social networking.
- Uses a peer-to-peer network, connecting users directly with friends.
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Each protocol presents unique features and focuses, from privacy-centric networks to broader social communication platforms. They share the common goal of offering alternatives to centralized social media, emphasizing user control, privacy, and choice.
## Comparing Nostr and ActivityPub
We proceed to compare Nostr and Activity by stating the advantages of both protocols.
### Advantages of Nostr over ActivityPub
- **Simplicity and Lightweight Protocol**
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- Operating a Nostr relay is potentially less resource-intensive than running an ActivityPub server, allowing more users to participate as relay operators.
### Advantages of ActivityPub over Nostr
- **Established Ecosystem and Adoption**
- ActivityPub has a more established ecosystem with platforms like Mastodon and PeerTube, leading to a larger community and developed features.
- **Federation Model**
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- **Stronger Identity Management**
- ActivityPub provides clearer mechanisms for identity and account management, which is vital for trust and reputation in the network.
### Conclusion
# Conclusion
Nostr is well-suited for users and developers prioritizing simplicity, privacy, and flexible data hosting. In contrast, ActivityPub is more appropriate for those seeking a feature-rich, interconnected social networking experience with established community support and structured content moderation. The choice between the two depends on individual needs and priorities related to privacy, social interaction, and resource availability for hosting and development.