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collections/manual/documentation/farmers/farming_optimization/calculate_roi.md
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<h1> Calculate the ROI of a DIY 3Node </h1>
To calculate the ROI of a DIY 3Node, we first calculate the Revenue per Month:
>Revenue per month = TFT price when sold * TFT farmed per month
The ROI of a DIY 3Node is:
> Cost of 3Node / Revenue per month = ROI in months
For example, a Rack Server farming 3000 TFT per month with an initial cost of 1500$USD has the following ROI:
> 1500 / (3000 * 0.08) = 6.25 month ROI
This calculation is based on a TFT value of 8 cents. You should adjust this according to the current market price.
Note that this ROI equation is used to compare efficienty between different DIY 3Nodes. It does not constitute real final gains as additional costs must be taken into consideration, such as electricity for the 3Nodes, for the AC system, as well as Internet bandwidth. All those notions are covered in this part of the book.

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collections/manual/documentation/farmers/farming_optimization/farm_room_parameters.md
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<h1> Air Conditioner, Relative Humidity and Air Changes per Hour </h1>
<h1> Table of Contents </h2>
- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [Calculate the Minimum BTU/h Needed for the AC](#calculate-the-minimum-btuh-needed-for-the-ac)
- [How Much BTU/h is Needed?](#how-much-btuh-is-needed)
- [Taking Utilization Into Account](#taking-utilization-into-account)
- [The General BTU/h Equation](#the-general-btuh-equation)
- [Ensure Proper Relative Humidity](#ensure-proper-relative-humidity)
- [Ensure Proper Air Changes per Hour](#ensure-proper-air-changes-per-hour)
***
## Introduction
In this section of the ThreeFold Farmers book, we cover some important notions concerning the room parameters where your 3Nodes are working. We discuss topics such as air conditioner, relative humidity and air changes per hour.
Planning ahead the building of your ThreeFold farm with these notions in mind will ensure a smooth farming experience.
## Calculate the Minimum BTU/h Needed for the AC
Let's see how to calculate how powerful your AC unit needs to be when it comes to cooling down your server room.
As we know, servers generate heat when they are working. While a desktop 3Node will generate under 20W at idle and a server 3Node might use 100W at **idle**, when you pile up some 3Nodes desktops/servers in the same location, things can get pretty warm when cultivation on the Grid is happening. Indeed, when your servers will be using a lot of power, especially in the summer time, you might need some additional cooling.
A good thing about servers generating heat is that this can be used as a **heat source in the winter**. Other more advanced techniques can be used to maximize the heat production. But that's for another day!
Note that for small farms, your current heating and cooling system may suffice.
So let's do the calculation:
### How Much BTU/h is Needed?
How much BTU/h does your ThreeFold Farm need to cool your servers?
Calculating this is pretty simple actually. You need to keep in mind that **1 kW (1000 W) of power is equivalent to 3413 BTU/h** (Britisth Thermal Unit).
> 1000 W = 1 kW = 3413 BTU/h
>
> 1000 Wh = 1 kWh = 3413 BTU
So with our idle server example running at 100W, we have 0.1 kW.
> 100 W = 0.1 kW
We then multiply our kW by the BTU/h factor **3413** to obtain the result in BTU/h. Here we have 341.3 BTU/h:
> 0.1 kW * 3413 = 341.3 BTU/h
Say you have 5 servers with this same configuration. It means you have
> (# of servers) * (BTU/h per server) = Total BTU/h
> 5 * 341.3 = 1706.5 BTU/h
Thus, a 2000 BTU/h air conditioner would be able to compensate for the heat when your servers are at idle.
> Note that in general for air conditioners, it will often be written BTU instead of BTU/h as a shorthand.
Please take note that this does not take into account the energy needed to cool down your environment. You'd need to take into consideration **the heat of the servers and the general heat of your environment** to figure out how much BTU your AC needs in the big heat days of the summer.
### Taking Utilization Into Account
But then, what happens at cultivation? Well, say your server needs 400W of power when it's being fully cultivated by some lively ThreeFold Users of the New Internet. In this case, we would say that 400 W is the power consumption at **full load**.
As we started with 100 W, and we now have 400 W, it means that you'd need four times the amount of BTU/h.
Here we show how to calculate this with any other configuration of full load/idle.
> Full-load / Idle Ratio = Full Load W / Idle W
> 4 = 400 W / 100 W
The BTU/h needed in cultivation would be
> (Full-Load / Idle Ratio) * Idle BTU/h needed = Full Load BTU/h
> 4 * (1706.5 BTU/h at Idle) = 6826 BTU/h at Full Load
Thus, you would need 6826 BTU/h from the AC unit for 5 servers running each at 400W. In that case, a 8000 BTU/h AC unit would be sufficient. Let's say your environment would typically need 4000 BTU/h to cool the room, you'd need about 12000 BTU/h AC unit for the whole setup.
> If: BTU/h needed < BTU/h AC Unit, Then: AC Unit is OK for TF farming at full load.
Now you can have a better idea of how much BTU/h is necessary for your AC unit. Of course, this can be a useful piece of data to incorporate in your simulation of Revenue/Cost farming.
### The General BTU/h Equation
The **general equation** would then be:
> Server Power in kW at Full Load * 3413 * Number of Servers = Total Maximum BTU/h needed per ThreeFold Farm
As another example, 7 servers using 120 W of power at idle would need:
> 0.12 * 3413 * 7 = 2866.92 BTU/h
During cultivation, these 7 servers might use 480 W. This would be:
> 0.48 * 3413 * 7 = 11467.68 BTU/h
To be sure everything's OK, this set up would need a 12 000 BTU/h AC unit to compensate for the heat generated by the ThreeFold Farm during full cultivation. This example considers the environment heat to be negligible.
> 11467.68 < 12000 --> 12K BTU/h AC Unit is OK for farm
That's it! It ain't any more complicated. Straight up mathematics and some judgment.
Now, let's compute the costs of running all this!
## Ensure Proper Relative Humidity
To ensure that the relative humidity in your server room stays within a proper range, look in your server's user manual to know the proper range of relative humidity your server can handle. If necessary, use an hygrometer to measure relative humidity and make sure it stays within an acceptable range for your 3Nodes.
Depending on your geographical location and your current situation, it could be interesting to consider having a AC unit equipped with a dehumidifier. Read your servers' manual to check the proper relative humidity range and set the unit accordingly. The maximum/minimum temperature and relative humidity a 3Node server can handle will depend on the specific server/computer you are using. You should check the server's technical guide/manual to get the proper information. The following is an example.
We will use here the Dell R720 as an example since it is a popular 3Node choice. In this case, we use the R720's [Technical Guide](https://downloads.dell.com/manuals/all-products/esuprt_ser_stor_net/esuprt_poweredge/poweredge-r720_reference-guide_en-us.pdf) as reference.
For the R720, between 35˚C and 40˚C (or 95˚F and 104˚F), with 5% to 85% relative humidity, you can have this <10% of annual operating hours (around 36 days per year), and between 40˚C and 45˚C (or 104˚F and 113˚F), with 5 to 90% relative humidity, it’s <1% of annual operating hours (around 3.6 day per year). All this considers that there is no direct sunlight.
From 10˚C to 35˚C (thus from 50˚F to 95˚F), it’s considered standard operating temperature. With relative humidity from 10% to 80%.
This can give you a good idea of the conditions a 3Node can handle, but make sure you verify with your specific server's manual.
## Ensure Proper Air Changes per Hour
To ensure that the air changes per hour is optimal in your 3Node servers' room, and depending on your current situation, it can be recommended to ventilate the server room in other to disperse or evacuate excess heat and humidity. In those cases, ventilation flow will be set depending on the air changes per hour (ACPH) needed. Note that the [ASHRAE](https://www.ashrae.org/File%20Library/Technical%20Resources/Standards%20and%20Guidelines/Standards%20Addenda/62-2001/62-2001_Addendum-n.pdf) recommends from 10 to 15 ACPH for a computer room.
> Note: A good AC unit will be able to regulate the heat and the relative humidity as well as ensure proper air changes per hour.

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<h1> Calculate the Farming Costs: Power, Internet and Total Costs</h1>
<h2> Table of Contents </h2>
- [Calculate the Total Electricity Cost of Your Farm](#calculate-the-total-electricity-cost-of-your-farm)
- [Calculate the Proper Bandwidth Needed for Your Farm](#calculate-the-proper-bandwidth-needed-for-your-farm)
- [The Minimum Bandwidth per 3Node Equation](#the-minimum-bandwidth-per-3node-equation)
- [Cost per Month for a Given Bandwidth](#cost-per-month-for-a-given-bandwidth)
- [Calculate Total Cost and Revenue](#calculate-total-cost-and-revenue)
- [Check Revenue with the ThreeFold Simulator](#check-revenue-with-the-threefold-simulator)
- [Economics of Farming](#economics-of-farming)
- [Questions and Feedback](#questions-and-feedback)
***
## Calculate the Total Electricity Cost of Your Farm
The total electricity cost of your farm is the sum of all Power used by your system times the price you pay for each kWh of power.
> Total electricity cost = Total Electricity in kWh * Cost per kWh
> Total Electricty in kWh = 3Nodes' electricity consumption * Number of 3Nodes + Cooling system electricity consumption
With our example, we have 5 servers running at 400 W at Full Load and we have a 12K BTU unit that is consuming in average 1000W.
We would then have:
> 5 * 400 W + 1000 W = 3000 W = 3 kW
To get the kWh per day we simply multiply by 24.
> kW * (# of hour per day) = daily kWh consumption
> 3 kW * 24 = 72 kWh / day
We thus have 72 kWH per day. For 30 days, this would be
> kWh / day * (# day in a month) = kWh per month
> 72 * 30 = 2160 kWH / month.
At a kWh price of 0.10$ USD, we have a cost of 216 $USD per month for the electricity bill of our ThreeFold farm.
> kWH / month of the farm * kWh Cost = Electricity Bill per month for the farm
> 2160 * 0.1 = 216$USD / month for electricity bills
## Calculate the Proper Bandwidth Needed for Your Farm
The bandwidth needed for a given 3Node is not yet set in stone and you are welcome to participate in ongoing [discussion on this subject](https://forum.threefold.io/t/storage-bandwidth-ratio/1389) on the ThreeFold Forum.
In this section, we will give general guidelines. The goal is to have a good idea of what constitutes a proper bandwidth available for a given amount of resources utilized on the ThreeFold Grid.
Starting with a minimum of 1 mbps per Titan, which is 1 TB SSD and 32 GB RAM, we note that this is the lowest limit that gives the opportunity for the most people possible to join the ThreeFold Grid. That being said, we could set that 10 mbps is an acceptable upper limit for 1 TB SSD and 64 GB of RAM.
Those numbers are empirical and more information will be shared in the future. The ratio 1TB SSD/64GB RAM is in tune with the optimal TFT rewards ratio. It is thus logical to think that farmers will build 3Node based on this ratio. Giving general bandwidth guidelines based on this ratio unit could thus be efficient for the current try-and-learn situation.
### The Minimum Bandwidth per 3Node Equation
Here we explore some equations that can give a general idea to farmers of the bandwidth needed for their farms. As stated, this is not yet set in stones and the TFDAO will need to discuss and clarify those notions.
Here is a general equation that gives you a good idea of a correct bandwidth for a 3Node:
> min Bandwidth per 3Node (mbps) = k * max((Total SSD TB / 1 Tb),(Total Threads / 8 Threads),(Total GB / 64 GB)) + k * (Total HDD TB / 2)
Setting k = 10 mbps, we have:
> min Bandwidth per 3Node (mbps) = 10 * max((Total SSD TB / 1 TB),(Total Threads / 8 Threads),(Total GB / 64 GB)) + 10 * (Total HDD TB / 2)
As an example, a Titan, with 1TB SSD, 8 Threads and 64 GB of RAM, would need 10 mbps:
> 10 * max(1, 1, 1) = 10 * 1 = 10
With the last portion of the equation, we can see that for each additional 1TB HDD storage, you would need to add 5 mbps of bandwidth.
Let's take a big server as another example. Say we have a server with 5TB SSD, 48 threads and 384 GB of RAM. We would then need 60 mbps of bandwidth for each of these 3Nodes:
> 10 * max((5/5), (48/8), (384/64)) = 10 * max(5,6,6) = 10 * 6 = 60
This server would need 60 mbps minimum to account for a full TF Grid utilization.
You can easily scale this equation if you have many 3Nodes.
Let's say you have a 1 gbps bandwidth from your Internet Service Provider (ISP). How much of those 3Nodes could your farm have?
> Floor (Total available bandwidth / ((Bandwidth needed per 3Nodes)) = Max servers possible
With our example we have:
> 1000 / 60 = 16.66... = 16
We note that the function Floor takes the integer without the decimals.
Thus, a 1 gbps bandwidth farm could have 16 3Nodes with each 5TB SSD, 48 threads and 384 GB of RAM.
In this section, we used **k = 10 mbps**. If you follow those guidelines, you will most probably have a decent bandwidth for your ThreeFold farm. For the time being, the goal is to have farmers building ThreeFold farms and scale them reasonably with their available bandwidth.
Stay tuned for official bandwidth parameters in the future.
### Cost per Month for a Given Bandwidth
Once you know the general bandwidth needed for your farm, you can check with your ISP the price per month and take this into account when calculating your monthly costs.
Let's take the example we used with 5 servers with 400 W at Full Load. Let's say these 5 servers have the same parameters we used above here. We then need 60 gbps per 3Nodes. This means we need 300 mbps. For the sake of our example, let's say this is around 100$ USD per month.
## Calculate Total Cost and Revenue
As the TFT price is fixed for 60 months when you connect your 3Node for the first time on the TF Grid, we will use the period of 60 months, or 5 years, to calculate the total cost and revenue.
The total cost is equal to:
> Total Cost = Initial investment + 60 * (electricity + Internet costs per month)
In our example, we can state that we paid each server 1500$ USD and that they generate each 3000 TFT per month, with an entry price of 0.08$ USD per TFT.
The electricity cost per month is
> 144$ for the electricity bill
>
> 100$ for the Internet bill
>
> Total : 244 $ monthly cost for electricity and Internet
The revenues are
> Revenues per month = Number of 3Nodes * TFT farmed per 3Node * Price TFT Sold
In this example, we have 5 servers generating 2000 TFT per month at 0.08$ USD per TFT:
> 5 * 3000$ * 0.08$ = 1200$
The net revenue per month are thus equal to
> Net Revenue = Gross revenue - Monthly cost.
We thus have
> 1200$ - 244$ = 956$
This means that we generate a net profit of 956$ per month, without considering the initial investment of building the 3Nodes for the farm.
In the previous AC example, we calculate that a minimum of 12K BTU was needed for the AC system. Let's say that this would mean buying a 350$ USD 12k BTU AC unit.
The initial cost is the cost of all the 3Nodes plus the AC system.
> Number of 3Nodes * cost per 3Nodes + Cost of AC system = Total Cost
In this case, it would be:
> Total initial investment = Number of 3Nodes * Cost of 3Node + Cost of AC system
Then we'd have:
> 5 * 1500 + 350 = 7850 $
Thus, a more realistic ROI would be:
> Total initial investment / Net Revenue per Month = ROI in months
In our case, we would have:
> 7850$ / 956$ = Ceiling(8.211...) = 9
With the function Ceiling taking the upper integer, without any decimals.
Then within 9 months, this farm would have paid itself and from now on, it would be only positive net revenue of 956$ per month.
We note that this takes into consideration that we are using the AC system 24/7. This would surely not be the case in real life. This means that the real ROI would be even better. It is a common practice to do estimates with stricter parameters. If you predict being profitable with strict parameters, you will surely be profitable in real life, even when "things" happen and not everything goes as planned. As always, this is not financial advice.
We recall that in the section [Calculate the ROI of a DIY 3Node](./calculate_roi.md), we found a simpler ROI of 6.25 months, say 7 months, that wasn't taking into consideration the additional costs of Internet and electricity. We now have a more realistic ROI of 9 months based on a fixed TFT price of 0.08$ USD. You will need to use to equations and check with your current TF farm and 3Nodes, as well as the current TFT market price.
### Check Revenue with the ThreeFold Simulator
To know how much TFT you will farm per month for a giving 3Node, the easiest route is to use the [ThreeFold Simulator](https://simulator.grid.tf/). You can do predictions of 60 months as the TFT price is locked at the TFT price when you first connect your 3Node, and this, for 60 months.
To know the details of the calculations behind this simulator, you can read [this documentation](https://library.threefold.me/info/threefold#/tfgrid/farming/threefold__farming_reward).
### Economics of Farming
As a brief synthesis, the following equations are used to calculate the total revenues and costs of your farm.
```
- Total Monthly Cost = Electricity cost + Internet Cost
- Total Electricity Used = Electricy per 3Node * Number of 3Node + Electricity for Cooling
- Total Monthly Revenue = TFT farmed per 3 node * Number of 3Nodes * TFT price when sold
- Initial Investment = Price of farm (3Nodes) + Price of AC system
- Total Return on investment = (60 * Monthly Revenue) - (60 * Monthly cost) - Initial Investment
```
## Questions and Feedback
This section constitutes a quick synthesis of the costs and revenues when running a ThreeFold Farm. As always, do your own reseaerch and don't hesitate to visit the [ThreeFold Forum](https://forum.threefold.io/) on the [ThreeFold Telegram Farmer Group](https://t.me/threefoldfarmers) if you have any questions.

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<h1> Farming Optimization </h1>
The section [Build a 3Node](../3node_building/3node_building.md) covered the notions necessary to build a DIY 3Node server. The following section will give you additional information with the goal of optimizing your farm while also being able to plan ahead the costs in terms of energy and capitals. We also cover how to set a GPU node and more.
<h2> Table of Contents </h2>
- [GPU Farming](../3node_building/gpu_farming.md)
- [Set Additional Fees](./set_additional_fees.md)
- [Minting Receipts](../3node_building/minting_receipts.md)
- [Minting Periods](./minting_periods.md)
- [Room Parameters](./farm_room_parameters.md)
- [Farming Costs](./farming_costs.md)
- [Calculate Your ROI](./calculate_roi.md)

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<h1>Minting Periods</h1>
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [Minting Period Length](#minting-period-length)
- [2023 Minting Periods](#2023-minting-periods)
- [2024 Minting Periods](#2024-minting-periods)
***
## Introduction
We discuss the length and the frequencies of the ThreeFold farming minting periods.
## Minting Period Length
Each minting period has: 2630880 seconds = 43848 minutes = 730.8 hours.
## 2023 Minting Periods
The minting periods for the 12 months of 2023 are the following:
| Month | Start of the Minting Period | End of the Minting Period |
|----------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------|
| Jan 2023 | December 31, 2022 at 4\:32\:40 am | January 30, 2023 at 3\:20\:40 pm |
| Feb 2023 | January 30, 2023 at 3\:20\:40 pm | March 2, 2023 at 2\:08\:40 am |
| Mar 2023 | March 2, 2023 at 2\:08\:40 am | April 1, 2023 at 12\:56\:40 pm |
| Apr 2023 | April 1, 2023 at 12\:56\:40 pm | May 1, 2023 at 11\:44\:40 pm |
| May 2023 | May 1, 2023 at 11\:44\:40 pm | June 1, 2023 at 10\:32\:40 am |
| Jun 2023 | June 1, 2023 at 10\:32\:40 am | July 1, 2023 at 9\:20\:40 pm |
| Jul 2023 | July 1, 2023 at 9\:20\:40 pm | August 1, 2023 at 8\:08\:40 am |
| Aug 2023 | August 1, 2023 at 8\:08\:40 am | August 31, 2023 at 6\:56\:40 pm |
| Sep 2023 | August 31, 2023 at 6\:56\:40 pm | October 1, 2023 at 5\:44\:40 am |
| Oct 2023 | October 1, 2023 at 5\:44\:40 am | October 31, 2023 at 4\:32\:40 pm |
| Nov 2023 | October 31, 2023 at 4\:32\:40 pm | December 1, 2023 at 3\:20\:40 am |
| Dec 2023 | December 1, 2023 at 3\:20\:40 am | December 31, 2023 at 2\:08\:40 pm |
## 2024 Minting Periods
The minting periods for the 12 months of 2024 are the following:
| Month | Start of the Minting Period | End of the Minting Period |
|----------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------|
| Jan 2024 | December 31, 2023 at 14\:08\:40 | January 31, 2024 at 00\:56\:40 |
| Feb 2024 | January 31, 2024 at 00\:56\:40 | March 1, 2024 at 11\:44\:40 |
| Mar 2024 | March 1, 2024 at 11\:44\:40 | March 31, 2024 at 22\:32\:40 |
| Apr 2024 | Marc 31, 2024 at 22\:32\:40 | May 1, 2024 at 09\:20\:40 |
| May 2024 | May 1, 2024 at 09\:20\:40 | May 31, 2024 at 20\:08\:40 |
| Jun 2024 | May 31, 2024 at 20\:08\:40 | July 1, 2024 at 06\:56\:40 |
| Jul 2024 | July 1, 2024 at 06\:56\:40 | July 31, 2024 at 17:44\:40 |
| Aug 2024 | July 31, 2024 at 17\:44\:40 | August 31, 2024 at 04\:32\:40 |
| Sep 2024 | August 31, 2024 at 04\:32\:40 | September 30, 2024 at 15\:20\:40 |
| Oct 2024 | September 30, 2024 at 15\:20\:40 | October 31, 2024 at 02\:08\:40 |
| Nov 2024 | October 31, 2024 at 02\:08\:40 | November 30, 2024 at 12\:56\:40 |
| Dec 2024 | November 30, 2024 at 12\:56\:40 | December 30, 2024 at 23\:44\:40 |

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<h1>Set Additional Fees</h1>
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [Steps](#steps)
- [TFT Payments](#tft-payments)
- [Dedicated Nodes Notice](#dedicated-nodes-notice)
***
## Introduction
Farmers can set additional fees for their 3Nodes on the [TF Dashboard](https://dashboard.grid.tf/). By doing so, users will then be able to [reserve the 3Node and use it as a dedicated node](../../dashboard/deploy/dedicated_machines.md).
This can be useful for farmers who provide additional values to their 3Nodes, e.g. a GPU card and/or high-quality hardware.
## Steps
Here are the steps to [set additional fees](../../dashboard/farms/your_farms.md#extra-fees) to a 3Node.
* On the Dashboard, go to **Farms** -> **Your Farms**
* Under the section **Your Nodes**, locate the 3Node and click **Set Additional Fees** under **Actions**
* Set a monthly fee (in USD) and click **Set**
## TFT Payments
When a user reserves your 3Node, you will receive TFT payments once every 24 hours. These TFT payments will be sent to the TFChain account of your farm's twin.
## Dedicated Nodes Notice
Note that while any 3Node that has no workload can be reserved by a TF user as a dedicated node, when a farmer sets additional fees to a 3Node, this 3Node automatically becomes a dedicated node. For a user to run workloads on this 3Node, the 3Node must then be reserved, i.e rented as a dedicated node.